There are three things that determine the size of deer antlers: genetics, nutrition, and age. In most areas, the first two are generally not the problem. Most deer have the genetic ability to grow antlers that will score high in the record books. Likewise, in all but severe winters, bucks are able to restore their body condition and then put nutrients into their antler growth by time antler growth begins in April or May. However, few deer on public lands live to six years or older, which is the age antlers can reach their maximum potential. Perils of hunting, predators, automobiles, disease, accidents, and other natural and unnatural impacts make the average age of bucks in most areas closer to two years old, well before maximum antler potential is reached.

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