Most county Cooperative Extension offices, county managers, or conservation district offices across the United States have someone responsible for weeds. State, and sometimes local, printed materials are available about invasive/noxious weeds that are known in specific locales.
Many invasive weeds grow across state boundaries, and some are even worldwide. If you already know most of your native and planted vegetation and see something different, try your local offices or the Internet to get the plant identified. Most of these offices, as well as online resources and printed materials, will have some management guidelines for weeds. It often helps to either gather a sample plant or take pictures so that weed managers and other professionals can identify suspect plants.