Kathy Anderson, Extension Horse Specialist, University of Nebraska
A complete breeding soundness examination should be conducted before you purchase a mare for breeding or the breeding season.
This exam should include more than just an evaluation of the reproductive tract, but also a complete history and physical examination of the mare.
History
In evaluating a mare for breeding, it is important to know her general medical and management history plus a detailed reproductive history.
A general history would include:
- age
- purchase date
- performance history
- serologic tests
- vaccination history
- boarding facilities
- feed
- previous use
- intended use
- medical history
- surgical history
- disease problems
- weight loss or gain
The reproductive history should include:
- age at first heat
- heat dates
- interval between heats
- length of heats
- age first bred
- breeding dates
- foaling dates
- date of last foaling
- abnormal or assisted foalings
- number of pregnancies
- abnormal pregnancy
- previous year's breeding cycle pattern
- number of breedings for conception
- evidence of vaginal discharge
- mothering ability
- milk production
- teasing method
- breeding method (pasture, hand breeding or artificial insemination)
An in-depth history review often reveals poor breeding management that results in a mare's apparent infertility. This situation is easily corrected and is usually a problem with novice breeders. Even though it may appear to be a management problem, a complete physical and reproductive examination should be performed to substantiate your conclusion or isolate other problems.
Physical Examination
Physical examinations are often overlooked in a breeding soundness examination. Basic conformation should be considered to determine if the mare is sound enough to withstand the act of breeding and that she will not pass on any severe conformational abnormalities. Hoof and leg abnormalities, like acute laminitis or joint disorders (osteoarthritis, bursitis), may make her reluctant to stand for breeding.
Pelvic injuries or abnormalities may also pose foaling problems. Other conditions may also contribute to breeding and foaling problems. Teeth should also be examined to detect over- and undershot jaws. You should strongly consider not breeding mares with these conditions.
