Spring Viremia of Carp is a highly infectious viral disease of carp, koi and goldfish. The virus is shed in the feces, urine and gill secretions of infected fish into the water, where it infects other fish by entering through the gills. The virus may be introduced into other tanks and bodies of water by contaminated equipment and clothing. There have been several vectors implicated including birds, fish lice, and leeches. Mortality rates associated with Spring viremia of carp can reach 70 percent depending on the age of the fish, species infected and water temperature. As the name implies, outbreaks of Spring viremia of carp are most common in the spring and fall.
Due to the infectious nature of the virus, the disease is considered an OIE- notifiable disease. Introduction to farmed fish has the potential for economic loss and must be reported immediately.
Endemic Areas
Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The United States is considered free from Spring Viremia of Carp.
Clinical Signs
- Darkening of body color
- Tilting to one side
- Lying on bottom of tank/pond
- Bulging eyes
- Distended abdomen
- Bloody discharge from vent
- Edema
- Hemorrhaging of gills and skin
Treatment
There is no specific treatment for Spring viremia of carp. Any fish suspected of having this disease should be reported to the State Veterinarians or USDA Area Veterinarian in Charge immediately.
Prevention
Maintaining water temperature above 68oF may prevent an outbreak of Spring Viremia of Carp. Treatment of water with UV light will help in neutralizing the virus as well as a thorough disinfection of all culture equipment. In addition, sound biosecurity practices must be established and maintained.
Public Health
Spring viremia of carp is not a public health threat.
Links
Spring Viremia of Carp -University of Florida
Spring Viremia of Carp -APHIS
Spring Viremia of Carp -Iowa State University
