When to euthanize is probably the hardest decision a horse owner will need to make, but it is a better alternative than neglect or prolonged suffering.
Euthanasia is a term derived from the greek words "eu," meaning good, and "thanatos," meaning death. Euthanasia means "good death." According to the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), there are three approved methods for the euthanasia of horses: chemical euthanasia, gunshot and penetrating captive bolt.
Chemical Euthanasia
The most commonly used barbiturate is sodium pentobarbital, which brings about a state of unconsciousness within a few seconds. The drug then shuts down the animal's brain function, including the part of the brain that controls cardiac and respiratory systems, bringing about the animal's death. Veterinarians may choose to inject a sedative prior to administering the barbiturate. This often makes the procedure less stressful for the owner and bystanders to view.
The major advantage of the barbiturate overdose is its speed of action and minimal discomfort to the horse. The major disadvantages to this method are that only a licensed veterinarian may administer the IV injection; and following euthanasia, the carcass will contain high levels of barbiturate, making it an environmental hazard. There is also a rare chance the horse will experience a reaction to the barbiturate. The cost of this type of euthanasia varies throughout the country, between $50-$150.
Gunshot
The proper use of a firearm causes trauma in the cerebral hemisphere and brainstem and results in a painless, immediate death. One advantage of gunshot is that there is less need for the animal to be restrained; additionally, the carcass does not present any environmental dangers. However, this method should never be attempted by an inexperienced person. This method of euthanasia can be dangerous if performed improperly. The bullet may ricochet, for instance, and bystanders must use extreme caution during the procedure. It is also aesthetically displeasing to the owners and bystanders.
Penetrating Captive Bolt
Penetrating captive bolts are powered by gunpowder or compressed air. Similar to gunshot, it causes trauma to the central hemisphere and brainstem, resulting in an instant, painless death. Additionally, the carcass is not an environmental threat. The captive bolt may only be used by skilled individuals. This method may also be extremely displeasing for bystanders to observe.
