Fact Sheet Written by:
Glenn E. Selk, Extension Beef Cow-calf Specialist
And Provided by
Oklahoma State University
A successful cow/calf operation requires that a large percentage of cows wean a live calf every year. A live calf at weaning time requires survival of the offspring from birth to weaning. USDA beef researchers and rancher surveys report that diseases, including scours and pneumonia, were the second leading cause of baby calf deaths. Difficulty at birth was the single largest source of death loss. Resistance to disease is greatly dependent on antibodies or immunoglobulins and can be either active or passive in origin. In active immunity, the body produces antibodies in response to infection or vaccination. Passive immunity gives temporary protection by transfer of certain immune substances from resistant individuals. An example of passive immunity is passing of antibodies from dam to calf via the colostrum (first milk after calving). This transfer only occurs during the first few hours following birth.
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