Lettuce can be planted in mid-March and again in mid-August (Zones 6 and 7). Lettuce will always do best when temperatures are relatively cool.
In Zones 5 and colder, use row covers to protect very early spring plantings from cold, and for fall crops, time plant maturity around the first expected frost. Mature plants aren’t as tolerant of freezing as seedlings and you might consider extending the fall crop by using row covers.
In warmer climates (Zones 8-11) lettuce is planted during the fall, winter, and early spring months to avoid the summer heat.
Check with your local Extension office for the recommended planting dates for your area.