The budding operation begins when 1-year-old whips of the appropriate rootstock are planted in early spring. For budding to be successful, the stock or rootstock must be growing vigorously to attach to the bud. Before starting the actual budding operation, check the bark on the stock to see if it peels easily (is growing vigorously). At budding time remove all sideshoots up to 4 to 6 inches above the ground to give a clear trunk area for inserting the bud. Place the bud about 2 to 3 inches above the ground on the shady (north) side of the stem. If a dwarfing rootstock is being budded place the bud higher on the stem, usually 4 to 6 inches above the ground. Collect "budsticks" of the cultivar to be propagated from vigorous current season growth. The middle buds generally are the best to use since the tip buds are too immature and those near the base may be a cluster of buds or weak buds. The budsticks are prepared by removing the leaves but leaving 1/4 to 1/2 inch of leaf petiole on the stem. Long budsticks are usually cut to a convenient 8 to 12 inches in length. The buds should be used as soon as practical but may be stored for 3 to 4 days in a plastic bag containing a moist paper towel under refrigeration.

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