People with diarrhea usually recover completely but up to 3% of persons who are infected with Shigella may later develop chronic joint pain, swelling and irritation of the eyes, and sometimes painful urination. This is a reaction to the previous gastroenteritis and is called "reactive arthritis,” or Reiter's syndrome. It is a rare autoimmune disease that can occur after a bout of gastroenteritis from Salmonella or Shigella.

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