Cows should be at the optimum body condition score (BCS) of 3.25 to 3.5 prior to drying off. The cows need to maintain that weight during the dry period up to calving. One body condition score (using the 1 to 5 system) is equal to 120 pounds (54.4 kg). After calving, high-producing cows will lose weight to provide the high energy levels needed in early lactation. However, it is recommended that the cow does not lose more than 0.5 to 0.75 BCS points. The maximum weight loss is 2.0 pounds (0.90 kg) per day to avoid negative effects on reproduction and metabolic disorders.
Dave Fischer, Extension Dairy Educator, University of Illinois - Illini DairyNET
