This is controversial because most research is conducted using pure mycotoxins or feeds contaminated with only one mycotoxin, while in the field several mycotoxins may exist in the feed. Many mycotoxins exist, and yet we analyze for only a few of the more common ones. The presence of these more common mycotoxins may indicate the presence of other mycotoxins and result in more severe problems. Mycotoxins interact with one another and with other stresses that alter the toxicity. Variation in sampling and analyses make absolute levels of mycotoxins uncertain. For these reasons, it may be most practicable to designate concern level of mycotoxins which serve as a flag to possible problems but may not indicate toxic levels. Problems may be caused when the total mixed ration (TMR) contains more the 500 ppb of DON (deoxynivalenol), 300 to 500 ppb of zearalenone, 100 to 200 ppb of T-2 toxin, or 15 ppm of fumonisin. Aflatoxin should be below 20 ppb to avoid greater than 0.5 ppb in the milk (FDA action levels) as cows transfer aflatoxin into milk (1 to 2% of the consumed aflatoxin). Other mycotoxins are also known to be toxic to dairy cattle. Because of the uncertainties mentioned, it is recommended that producers contact their state Cooperative Extension specialists for more local advice. Mike Hutjens, Extension Dairy Specialist, University of Illinois - Illini DairyNET

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