Mulching is not the same thing as amending the soil, although many mulches also are used as amendments. Mulch is left on the soil surface. Its purpose is to reduce evaporation and runoff, inhibit weed growth, and create an attractive appearance. Mulches also moderate soil temperature, helping to warm soils in the spring and cool them in the summer. Mulches may be incorporated into the soil as amendments after they have decomposed to the point that they no longer serve their purpose. Mulches used to enhance appearance and control weeds may be applied at any time. If the mulch will be used to protect fall transplants by keeping soil temperatures above freezing longer into the fall (permitting better root growth), apply the mulch soon after transplanting. If the mulch is meant to reduce frost heave and delay spring growth, apply it after the ground has frozen. This type of mulch often is used to protect small bulbs such as squill and crocus and to prevent early emergence. The selection of mulch depends on its intended use. If appearance is the main goal, inorganic or inert mulches may be the best choice. If soil improvement is the major goal, consider an organic mulch that gradually breaks down. Also consider the size of the area in relation to the cost of materials and availability. If the area is used primarily for annual flowers, it often is more practical to use a temporary organic mulch that can be turned under each fall. For more information on mulches for home gardens, see the fact sheet Mulches for Home Grounds.

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