A home photovoltaic (PV) system uses the available solar energy from sunlight shining on a collector surface to convert the sunlight into electricity through the use of specialized photovoltaic cells. These systems are becoming more popular in areas of the United States where the clear and sunny sky conditions are generally consistent, and where local codes, zoning, and subdivision covenants permit.
Most photovoltaic systems are constructed as an array of multiple panels, and are fixed to the roof, or are moveable to track the angles of the sun throughout a day or year. A complete home photovoltaic energy system typically includes the photovoltaic (solar) panels, shingles or mats, a mounting rack system to attach to the roof, and an inverter to convert the solar power from direct (DC) current to 120 volt alternating (AC) current (the same as your house electricity). Some systems also use batteries to store excess electricity when the sun is not shining. Photovoltaic systems can be connected to the utility company grid in many areas of the United States. When connected to a grid, the excess electricity may be purchased by the utility company and used to offset your monthly electrical bill. The cost of a complete photovoltaic system for homes vary from approximately $5 to $8 per watt. The cost of the PV system may take a long time to pay back in energy savings depending on what your local electricity costs.
Contact your local or regional electrical utility company or local Extension office for more information about installing a photovoltaic system for your home. For more information check out the eXtension page Photovoltaic Energy Systems for Homes. Another good guide for home photovoltaic systems can be found at: A Homebuilder's Guide to Going Solar.
