Fertilization of tree plantations depends upon the species planted, soil conditions, and economic returns. Nitrogen is the most commonly used fertilizer; however, phosphorous is used as well on some sites that are very deficient. The use of wastes products, such as biosolids (sludge) and manures, as fertilizer, is becoming more common as inorganic fertilizers become more expensive and hard to justify economically. Generally, major soil nutrient deficiencies are corrected either prior to establishment or immediately thereafter. Specific soil amendments need to be based upon properly collected soil samples. In some instances, a second 'mid-rotation' fertilizer application may be applied. This application is made while the trees in the plantation are rapidly growing.

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