A smoker is a very useful tool, allowing the beekeeper to produce smoke that “calms” the bees and moves them away from the smoke source. A smoker has a cylindrical chamber with a bellows attached, topped with a hinged lid formed into a spout. The chamber, where a fire is built, is made of metal, usually stainless steel. When the lid is closed, and the bellows compressed, a stream of smoke can be directed wherever it is needed. We suspect the calming effect occurs because smoke causes bees o engorge with honey, then they are less likely to be defensive. In addition, the smoke may disorient and confuse the bees by interfering with sensory reception, especially for odor.

Many beginning beekeepers use too much smoke. A puff or two in the entrance and one under the outer cover may be all you need. Too much smoke agitates bees and causes unnecessary movements that disrupt colony cohesion for many hours later.

There are several popular fuels to use in the smoker including pine needles, dried sumac pods, wood chips, compressed paper and burlap. Pine needles are readily available in many areas but they burn quickly, therefore you need an abundant supply. Whatever fuel you use, make sure the fuel has not been treated with a chemical that can harm bees. You want cool smoke, not flames. Adding a handful of damp green grass to the smoker may extend your burn and cool the smoke.

- John Skinner, University of Tennessee

Browse related Faqs by tag: bee health, beginning bee management