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Nosema apis infections develop through the winter and early spring. The long winters experienced by northern states and countries tend to make Nosema apis more serious. This type of Nosema usually abates in late spring and summer, when warm weather makes bee flight possible almost every day. Nosema ceranae appears to be quite different from Nosema apis in certain ways. For example, very high Nosema ceranae infections can be found in mid-summer.
- Tom Webster, Kentucky State University
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