There are many reasons your cat might not use a litter box. It is very important that you have him examined by a veterinarian first to make sure he isn't suffering from a bladder infection or other medical problem. This is common in both male and female cats and can cause them to associate the litter box with pain during urination or to be unable to get to the box quickly enough. Stress caused by a medical issue can also lead to this behavior. Once you treat or rule out medical causes for your cat's inappropriate behavior, then you can address other things that might be causing the problem, including marking, social issues, and litter box aversion that might be due to location, odor, or cleanliness.
