Climate is critically linked to vegetation dynamics at many different spatial and temporal scales across regions like the desert Southwest. Small-scale, short-duration monsoon-season thunderstorms can bring much-needed precipitation to small patches of vegetation or can initiate widespread flooding. If propagules (any plant material used for the purpose of plant propagation) are present, short-duration rain events can promote the spread of invasive plants into spaces unoccupied by robust natives. Long-term variations in climate related to ocean circulation patterns can create multi-decade wet or dry periods that can promote large-scale episodes of recruitment of certain species (wet periods) or large-scale mortality (dry periods). Tom DeGomez, Area Agent and Regional Specialist, University of Arizona

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