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| Rotary head irrigation systems use a lower flow rate of water. |
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| Spray head sprinkers are versatile and can water difficult areas. |
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| A bubbler irrigation system applies water to individual plants or groupings of plants. |
Different Kinds of Sprinkler Irrigation Systems
Outdoor irrigation accounts for a large amount of residential water use. Logically, the method for delivering water to the plants—irrigation—plays a large role in the amount of water used and the effectiveness of the irrigation system. Sprinkler systems are a very common way to water residential landscapes. It is important to understand the different aspects of sprinkler irrigation. This article will introduce the different methods of sprinkler irrigation.
Rotary Heads
Rotary heads provide a large spray radius (15-50 ft.). They also have a relatively low flow rate which reduces the amount of puddling and runoff. Rotors spray with a high force, which aids in preventing clogging of the heads with particles. The stream of water emitted from the head rotates in a circular motion to cover the desired area. While rotors may not be suitable for small irrigation areas, they do provide benefits for a water-wise landscape by lowering excessive water usage by using a lower flow rate of water.
Spray Heads
Spray heads are used in smaller areas. The rate of flow for spray heads is greater than that for rotary heads. Therefore, spray heads are more susceptible to water runoff and puddling. Spray heads are stationary. Coverage can range from a quarter to full circle patterns. The water is emitted in fine droplets that, on hot days, may lower irrigation efficiency through evaporation. However, spray heads are versatile and can water difficult and small areas that rotors can’t.
Bubblers
Bubbler irrigation systems apply water to individual plants or plant groups. Flow rates are higher than drip systems so clogging is not as big of a problem. Bubbler system efficiencies depend on the hydraulics of the design, system management and the effectiveness of the soil retaining the water applied.
These three irrigation systems are all used in residential landscapes. Drip irrigation is addressed in another section.
Additional Resources:
Midwest
Ohio State University - On-site Sprinkler Irrigation of Treated Wastewater in Ohio
Southeast