Bibliography and Print Resources

Plains pocket gopher, Geomys bursarius

Alsager, D. E., ed. 1970. Control of pocket gophers. Alberta Department of Agriculture, Publication No. 686, 16 pp.

Alsager, D. E. 1977. Impact of pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) on the quantitative productivity of rangelands vegetation in southern Alberta: A damage assessment tool. Pages. 47-57 in W. B. Jackson, and R. E. Marsh, eds.

Test methods for vertebrate pest control and management materials, ASTM STP 625, Am. Soc. Testing Mater. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Andersen, D. C. 1978. Observations on reproduction, growth, and behavior of the northern pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoides).

J. Mammal.59:418-422. Anthony, R. M., V. G. Barnes, Jr., and J. Evans. 1978. “Vexar” plastic netting to reduce pocket gopher depredation of conifer seedlings. Proc. Vertebr. Pest Conf. 8:138 144.

Barnes, V. G., Jr. 1973. Pocket gophers and reforestation in the Pacific Northwest: a problem analysis. US Fish Wildl. Serv. Special Sci. Rep. Wildl. No. 155. Washington, DC. 18 pp.

Chase, J. D., W. E. Howard, and J. T. Roseberry. 1982. Pocket gophers. Pages. 239-255 in J. A. Chapman and G. A. Feldhamer, eds. Wild mammals of North America: biology, management, and economics. The Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore, Maryland.

Connolly, R. A., and R. E. Landstrom. 1969. Gopher damage to buried cable materials. Mater. Res. Standards 9:13-18.

Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1986. A world list of mammalian species. 2d ed. Facts On File Publ., New York. 254 pp.

Downhower, J. F., and E. R. Hall. 1966. The pocket gopher in Kansas. Univ. Kansas Museum Nat. Hist., Misc. Publ. No. 44. 32 pp.

Fitch, H. S., and J. R. Bentley. 1949. Use of California annual-plant forage by range rodents. Ecology. 30:306-321.

Foster, M. A., and J. Stubbendieck. 1980. Effects of the plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius) on rangelands. J. Range Manage. 33:74-78.

Hegdal, P. L., and T. A. Gatz. 1976. Hazards to wildlife associated with underground strychnine baiting for pocket gophers. Proc. Vertebr. Pest Conf. 7:158-266.

Hegdal, P. L., and A. J. Harbour. 1991. Pocket gophers. Pages 5-19 in Prevention and control of animal damage to hydraulic structures. United States Printing Office, Denver, Colorado.

Hickman, G. C. 1977. Geomyid interaction in burrow systems. Texas J. Sci. 29:235-243.

Hickman, G. C. 1977. Swimming behavior in representative species of the three genera of North Americangeomyids. Southwest Nat. 21:531-538.

Howard, W. E. 1961. A pocket gopher population crash. J. Mammal. 42:258-260.

Kennerly, T. E., Jr. 1958. Comparisons of morphology and life history of two species of pocket gophers. Texas J. Sci. 10:133-146.

Laycock, W. A., and B. Z. Richardson. 1975. Long-term effects of pocket gopher control on vegetation and soils of a subalpine grassland. J. Range Manage. 28:458-462.

Luce, D. G., R. M. Case, and J. Stubbendieck. 1980. Food habits of the plains pocket gopher on western Nebraska rangelands. J. Range Manage. 33:129-131.

Luce, D. G., R. M. Case, and J. L. Stubbendieck. 1981. Damage to alfalfa fields by plains pocket gophers. J. Wildl. Manage. 45:258-260.

Marsh, R. E. 1992. Reflections on current (1992) pocket gopher control in California. Proc. Vertebr. Pest Conf. 15:289-295.

Marsh, R. E., and M. W. Cummings. 1977. Pocket gopher control with mechanical bait applicator. Coop. Ext., Div. Agric. Sci., Univ. California Leaflet 2699. 7 pp.

Miller, M. A. 1957. Burrows of the Sacramento Valley pocket gopher in flood-irrigated alfalfa fields. Hilgardia 26:431-452.

Myers, G. T., and T. A. Vaughan. 1964. Food habits of the plains pocket gopher in eastern Colorado. J. Mammal. 45:588-598.

Radwan, M. A., G. L. Couch, C. A. Harrington, and W. D. Ellis. 1982. Terpenes of ponderosa pine and feeding preferences by pocket gophers. J. Chem. Ecol. 8:241-253.

Reichman, O. J., T. G. Whitham, and G. A. Ruffner. 1982. Adaptive geometry of burrow spacing in two pocket gopher populations. Ecology. 63:687-695.

Schwartz, C. W., and E. R. Schwartz. 1981. The wild mammals of Missouri, rev. ed. Univ. Missouri Press, Columbia. 356 pp.

Sudaman, P. D., J. C. Burns, and J. R. Choate. 1986. Gestation and postnatal development of the plains pocket gopher. Texas J. Sci. 38:91-94.

Turner, G. T., R. M. Hansen, V. H. Reid, H. P. Tietjen, and A. L. Ward. 1973.

Pocket gophers and Colorado mountain rangelands. Colorado State Univ. Exp. Stn. Bulletin 554S. 90 pp.

Vaughan, T. A. 1962. Reproduction in the plains pocket gopher in Colorado. J. Mammal. 43:1-13.

Images and Illustrations

Figures 1, 2, and 6 from Schwartz and Schwartz (1981).

Figures 3 and 5 from Turner et al. (1973).

Figures 4a, 4b, and 4c after Hegdal and Harbour (1991), adaptedby BruceJasch andDaveThornhill.

Figures 7, 8, and 10 by Jill Sack Johnson.

Figure 9 courtesy ofElston Equipment Company.

Figure 11 courtesy of Z. A. Macabee Gopher Trap Company.

Figure 12 courtesy of P-W Manufacturing Company.

Figure 13 adapted from E. K. Boggess (1980), “Pocket Gophers,” in Handbook on Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage, KansasState University, Manhattan.

Table 1 taken from Marsh and Cummings (1977).

Contact Information

• Locate your local Cooperative Extension
  
• Internet Center for Wildlife Damage Management

This website is based on the handbook for PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF WILDLIFE DAMAGE. Please visit our website to find out more information about this invaluable resource and to find out how you can participate in the Wildlife Damage Management community.

Acknowledgments

We thank the many researchers and managers who have spent untold time studying these extremely interesting rodents. Some are listed in the reference section. Special thanks are due to Scott Hygnstrom for his editorial assistance; to Rex E. Marsh, Bob Timm, and Jan Hygnstrom for their helpful comments on an earlier draft, and to Diane Gronewold and Diana Smith for their technical assistance.

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