Caregivers are becoming interested in pet therapy as some studies have shown that pets may influence health (relieving stress, lowering blood pressure, decreasing loneliness, and so on) although more research is needed. Too, much of the research has been conducted with dogs, and sometimes research is conducted with specific populations. For example, one research study suggested that dogs may help people with Alzheimer’s disease who exhibit certain behaviors living in long-term care.
Many terms are often used interchangeably, and this can create confusion. For example, therapy, companion, resident, or facility dog may or may not refer to the same concept. Sometimes the services provided are called "pet therapy" or "animal-assisted therapy." The dogs and people that provide these types of services vary in terms of their credentials and experience. They may be volunteers, or they may be employed by a particular organization or facility. Animals other than dogs are sometimes used, as well.
Some organizations have established guidelines that can be helpful in thinking through these ideas. For example, Pet Partners® at http://www.deltasociety.org is an organization dedicated to the promotion of the human-animal bond, and they have many resources available. As one example, they distinguish between animal-assisted therapy and animal-assisted activity. The American Veterinary Medical Association also has information related to this topic at http://www.avma.org/issues/policy/animal_assisted_guidelines.asp.
There are many factors to consider if you are thinking of visiting someone with your pet. Check first to see if there any policies and procedures you must follow. Liability issues are something to consider, as well. You may want to talk to a physician or health care provider and/or a veterinarian before bringing an animal to visit an individual.
At a minimum, it is important that the person likes animals and is not afraid of or allergic to them. The animal should have the "right" temperament to be a companion, should enjoy interactions, and should not be out of control. Although puppies and kittens can be fun, they may be unpredictable and may require lots of patience. The animal should be clean, free of parasites, and have up-to-date vaccinations. This is particularly important if someone is very frail because animals can sometimes transmit disease. The animal needs to be protected from harm, as well.
Testing and accreditation for therapy dogs is voluntary, and there are no set standards that are applied nationally. The American Kennel Club offers a Canine Good Citizen Program, Pet Partners® offers a volunteer program, and Therapy Dogs International offers information as well.
American Kennel Club: http://www.akc.org/events/cgc/
Pet Partners®: http://www.deltasociety.org/Page.aspx?pid=259
Therapy Dogs International: http://www.tdi-dog.org/
