For caregivers, and the people receiving care, medications can be both burden and blessing. Prescription medications have a substantial and positive effect on illness and disease - but those same medications can also have side effects.

Side effects vary from something as simple as a slight rash on your arm to more complicated issues such as unrelenting daytime sleepiness or periodic unsteadiness accompanied by balance problems.

Medications that make a person tired, disoriented or unstable pose the greatest jeopardy. Instability and unsteadiness can lead to falls, fractures, hospitalizations and ultimately, for an older adult, may result in either nursing home placement or greater caregiving dependency in the home.

For caregivers, there are several approaches that may help reduce medication side effects. Start by staying vigilant about of the number of medications taken. Medications include non-prescription over-the counter (OTC) drugs as well as supplements. More medications mean a greater likelihood of side effects.

Avoiding medication jeopardy begins with recognizing individual differences and the importance of having a dosage tailored to need. People differ greatly in how they absorb, metabolize, and eliminate specific drugs. Always query the prescribing health provider and re-check with the involved pharmacist regarding medications. Ask, for example, “My grandpa has been on the same amount of blood pressure medication for five years — should that be re-evaluated?” or “The person I’m caring for becomes very agitated when she takes this. Is it the right medication? The right dosage?"

Simple things can make a big difference. Some health educators suggest taking medications (prescription and non-prescription) with water - not coffee, soda pop, or herbal tea — water. Unless a medication specifically indicates you should take it with another type of beverage or your health provider advises differently, water is preferable. As a caregiver you may need to be persuasive. Sometimes placing the water in a favorite coffee cup instead of a glass makes a difference. Sometimes adding a little lemon juice or other flavoring helps.

Avoiding medication jeopardy also involves assuring medications are used exactly as prescribed. If the directions indicate a specific pill should be taken before lunch on an empty stomach, make sure that is exactly what happens. And always ask the pharmacist - “What is the best approach if we forget to take this medication?” Pharmacists recommend taking medications exactly as prescribed as the single best way to reduce the likelihood of unwanted side effects.

Reduce your risk — manage jeopardy.

For additional information, visit the Mastery of Aging Well learning lesson Medication in Later Life.