Classical Swine Fever (aka Hog Cholera) is a highly contagious disease of pigs caused by a virus in the Flaviviridae family of viruses. Pigs often contract the virus through the consumption of improperly processed garbage. The disease can spread rapidly from pig to pig through contact with bodily secretions and feces. The virus may also spread to other pigs through contact with contaminated clothing and equipment. Outbreaks of the disease have been devastating to the United Kingdom's and The Netherlands' pig industries.
Endemic Areas
Asia, Africa, parts of Europe and South America. The United States is considered free of this disease.
Clinical Signs
- High fever
- Lethargy
- Weakness
- Ataxia (incoordination)
- Huddling
- Anorexia (poor appetite)
- Conjunctivitis
- Constipation followed by diarrhea
- Reddish/purplish discoloration of the skin of the abdomen, inner thighs and ears
Treatment
There is no specific treatment for Classical Swine Fever. The disease is almost 100% fatal to pigs. Any pig suspected of having Classical Swine Fever should be reported to the State Veterinarians or USDA Area Veterinarian in Charge immediately.
Prevention
The introduction of Classical Swine Fever into the United States may be prevented by following basic farm biosecurity procedures. These procedures should include mandatory quarantine procedures for pigs brought into the herd and proper processing of garbage (food scraps must be boiled for 30 minutes to kill viruses and bacteria). Facilities should be kept clean and proper disinfectants used.
The United States does not vaccinate for Classical Swine Fever.
Public Health
Classical Swine Fever is not a public health threat.
Links
Iowa State University-CSF Fact Sheet
EDEN-Classical Swine Fever Issues Page
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