Memory Loss and Aging

Many people believe that memory loss and aging go hand-in-hand: as a person gets older his or her memory begins to fail. And many people fear that their forgetfulness is the first sign of Alzheimer’s disease. However, we know that most people remain both alert and able as they age, although it may take them longer to remember things.

A lot of people experience memory lapses. Some memory problems are serious, others are not. People who have serious changes in their memory, personality and behavior may suffer from a form of brain disease called dementia. The two most common forms of dementia are Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Dementia seriously affects a person’s ability to carry out daily activities.

Sometimes older people have emotional problems that cause memory loss and can be mistaken for dementia. It is common for some people to feel sad, lonely, worried or bored as they age and their lives change. Adapting to change may leave some people feeling confused or forgetful. Emotional problems can be eased by supportive friends and family or by professional help from a health care provider or counselor.

Stress, anxiety or depression can make a person more forgetful. Forgetfulness caused by emotions usually goes away when the feelings fade. However, if these feelings last for a long time, getting help from a professional is important. Treatment may include counseling or medication, or a combination of both.

In fact, some conditions that cause memory problems can be treated or reversed. These include high fever, dehydration, vitamin deficiency and poor nutrition, bad reactions to medicines, problems with the thyroid gland, or a minor head injury. Medical conditions like these can be serious and should be treated by a health care provider as soon as possible.

Steps to Take

People who are worried about memory problems should see their health care provider. If the problem might be serious, a thorough evaluation might be recommended. A complete medical examination for memory loss may include gathering information about one's medical history, including the use of prescription and over-the-counter medicines; diet; past medical problems; and general health. Because a correct diagnosis depends on recalling these details accurately, the health care provider may also ask a family member for information.

Lab tests may help your health care provider find any problems. There are also tests of mental abilities: memory, problem solving, counting and language. A brain scan can help the doctor find certain disorders and may also show signs of normal age-related changes in the brain. It may be necessary to have another scan later to see if there have been further changes in the brain.

Keeping Memory Sharp

Many older adults, in fact, people of all ages, wonder how they can keep their memory sharp. Suggestions include developing interests or hobbies and staying involved in activities that stimulate both the mind and body. Many people find it useful to plan tasks, make “things to do” lists and use notes, calendars and other memory aids. They also may remember things better by mentally connecting them to other meaningful things, such as a familiar name or song.

Exercise can help keep your body healthy but it is also important for your mind. The brain needs exercises and challenges so that it can remain active and keep up with your daily life. Try to challenge your brain daily to keep it active and alert. Also, remember that a healthy diet is very important to both your body and mind. Although there are no special diets or nutritional supplements specifically for memory problems, a balanced diet helps maintain overall good health.

Some physical and mental changes occur with age, but it is important to recognize that memory loss is not part of normal aging.

For more information, visit the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer’s Disease Education and Referral Center website: www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers.